Career Examples in Chemical Engineering

Are you interested in what types of engineering jobs you could get with a college degree in  chemical engineering? There are several industries and employment options available for chemical engineers with bachelors or masters degrees in the field. Aerospace Engineer Aerospace engineering is concerned with developing aircraft and spacecraft. Biotechnology Engineering jobs in biotechnology apply biological processes to industry, such as in the production of pharmaceuticals, pest-resistant crops, or new types of bacteria. Chemical Plant Technician This job involves large scale manufacturing chemicals or monitoring equipment. Civil Engineer A civil engineer designs public works, such as dams, roads, and bridges. Chemical engineering comes into play selecting the proper materials for the job, among other things. Computer Systems Engineers working on computer systems develop computer hardware and software. Chemical engineers are good at developing new materials and processes for making them. Electrical Engineering Electrical engineers deal with all aspects of electronics, electricity, and magnetism. Jobs for chemical engineers relate to electrochemistry and materials. Environmental Engineer Jobs in environmental engineering integrate engineering with science to clean up pollution, ensure processes arent harming the environment, and making sure clean air, water, and soil are available. Food Industries There are many career choices for chemical engineers in the food industry, including the development of new additives and new processes for preparing and preserving food. Mechanical Engineer Chemical engineering complements mechanical engineering whenever chemistry intersects with the design, manufacture, or maintenance of mechanical systems. For example, chemical engineers are important in the automotive industry, for work with batteries, tires, and engines. Mining Engineer Chemical engineers help design mining processes and analyze the chemical composition of materials and waste. Nuclear Engineer Nuclear engineering often employs chemical engineers to assess the interaction between materials at the facility, including the manufacture of radioisotopes. Oil and Natural Gas Industry Jobs in the oil and natural gas industry rely on chemical engineers to examine the chemical composition of the source material and products. Paper Manufacture Chemical engineers find jobs in the paper industry at paper plants and in the lab designing processes to make and improve products and analyze waste. Petrochemical Engineer Many different types of engineers work with petrochemicals. Chemical engineers are in particularly high demand because they can analyze petroleum and its products, help design chemical plants, and oversee the chemical processes in these plants. Pharmaceuticals The pharmaceutical industry employs chemical engineers to design new drugs and their production facilities and ensure plants are meeting environmental and health safety requirements, Plant Design This branch of engineering upscales processes to industrial scale and refines existing plants to improve their efficiency or to use different source materials. Plastic and Polymer Manufacture Chemical engineers develop and manufacture plastics and other polymers and use these materials in numerous products. Technical Sales Technical sales engineers assist colleagues and clients, offering support and advice. Chemical engineers can get jobs in many different technical fields because of their broad education and expertise. Waste Treatment A waste treatment engineer designs, monitors, and maintains equipment that removes contaminants from wastewater.

The Significance of Gender Roles in Shakespeares The...

Gender roles are undeniably a fundamental topic of critique in literature, particularly since expected gender roles have evolved in recent years. More importantly, the transcendence of these gender expectations indicates the possibility for transformation and increasing liberation in society. History explores many different stages for the sexes and their respective roles, from traditional anti-feminist times in which certain roles were strictly enforced, to more modern beliefs entailing free will and a lack of restrictions. In spite of this progress, there are always those who expedite the process while there are others that hinder development from occurring, even when it is necessary. Literary works in particular serve as a showcase†¦show more content†¦In fact, in a crucial commentary Margaret Wilkerson notes that â€Å"the timelessness of the play has not diminished† (Wilkerson 442) due to the way in which it addresses certain key issues of humanity. In this pla y, the young woman, Beneatha, is relentless in her efforts to attend medical school and become a successful doctor. Not only is she crossing preconceived gender boundaries by desiring a respectable occupation, but Beneatha is also rising above expectations of her race by her insistence on acquiring a higher education even during a time of unequal rights. With special regards to the expected compliance and obedience from the women in these plays, gender roles are less predictable since the plays involve characters that rise above social gender boundaries. This is achieved by acting out of the ordinary and ultimately revealing the truth that there are always those who are ahead of their time and that exceptions exist even within the frame of gender roles. In specific regards to obedience, Katherine’s forthright nature and defiance of her father clearly put her ahead of her time in The Taming of the Shrew. Since women were supposed to act subservient and dutiful to their mal e counterparts such as their fathers and husbands, Katherine undermines this belief by simply being unpleasant. Not only is Katherine referred to as â€Å"curst Katherine†(1.2.185), but she is also the

Reflective Account Free Essays

Once we had sounded them we wrote them on the sheet (Copy behind) and kept repeating them to each other to get the word stuck in place. Once we had learnt to pronounce the words and repeat and sign them, they got a picture Of a ship and two people standing on the ship shouting ‘Ii’. They colored the picture in lots different colors, the sheet it also yellow because it is clearer for the children to see the words and pictures. We will write a custom essay sample on Reflective Account or any similar topic only for you Order Now When we are doing this activity (Phonics) we 1 . Sound 2. Read 3. Write/ go over the letters ‘Ii’ . Color 5. Signing Because all the children are different in their own ways, some children struggle pronouncing or they have trouble reading and some have trouble writing, other cannot hear well so we sign as we go through everything to make sure everyone has a good understanding of what is going on in the group, so that we can work on these things. Today when I was working with the superstars I worked a little one to one with a young boy who has Downs syndrome and he cannot speak clearly or read and has trouble speaking so we signed the phonics lesson together, but today he wasn’t joining in he hid is face with his arms and cried but after while he came around and he communicated and we carried on. Looking through his phonics book and he signs ‘Plane’ and says plane and gets excited at the fact he has pronounced it. We carried on with our ‘Ii’ sounding and coloring when we had finished all the group together then stick the sheet in to their phonics books (behind). At the end of the lesson we go over what we have learnt, we also decide to show the rest of the class who did reading, and they sounded, read and signed to the rest of the class. How to cite Reflective Account, Essays Reflective Account Free Essays A Diary System In our team we have a duty Rota. The details of which are entered and used in a diary system each person is scheduled in for a day of duty on a rotational basis. I enter this into an outlook diary/calendar every 6 months. We will write a custom essay sample on Reflective Account or any similar topic only for you Order Now Have to check individual personal diaries flirt to check that the dates I enter for them do not clash with appointments that they already have booked in, also taking into account annual leave. Once I know what prior appointments or annual leave people have booked I then add people’s names to the diary on a rotational basis trying my best not to give people too many duty days close together. This allows them to have space between duty days as they will have their own work to complete too and I have to be mindful of this. Once all the days have been filled and there is a person scheduled for duty every working day Monday-Friday I send an email out to the team to ask them to check the duty diary and make a note of these dates in their own personal diaries and calendars and to also let me know If any dates are unsuitable. Then sometimes contacted to make swaps and changes due to commitments that I was not aware of. If this is done early enough then I would be able to swap people about within the diary. After a certain time passes and I Judge that changes cannot be made by myself because It would conflict with peoples schedules I ask individuals to speak to colleagues an d swap days. I am then informed of these swaps and update the diary accordingly. Nearing the end of the 6 months that I have scheduled In the diary I begin the recess again for the next 6 months. How to cite Reflective Account, Essays Reflective Account Free Essays Trust security policy, ensuring that I have followed the trust’s uniform policy. When arriving on the ward I attended to the nurse’s station to recycle patient handover, which outlines any special requirements, for example If they need assistance with personal care or any speech/language Issues there might be. The handover Is confidential and adhering to data protection act and also the infallibility policy which Is In place wealth the trust. We will write a custom essay sample on Reflective Account or any similar topic only for you Order Now I was asked by the nurse in charge to recheck a patient blood sugar as the night staff handed over it was low at 6 am. Before taking a blood capillary sample I ensured that I had all the equipment making sure that it was clean and in working order. I got a sharps bin and placed it on the BUM trolley. I went to the patient’s bedside and asked for consent to check their blood sugar, the patient had suffered a C.V. and had beech problems, consent was given by a nod of the head. I washed my hands using the 7 stage hand washing technique and applied personal protective equipment (PEP). I asked the patient which finger they would prefer me to use and they held a finger up for me. I took this as them understanding fully what I wanted to do and proceeded. I obtained the sample following Trust guidelines on point of care testing (PACT), disposing of waste and sharps as per Trust decontamination and waste and, harps disposal policies. I informed the patient of the reading and they nodded their head to confirm they understood. I remove and dispose of the PEP as per Trust guidelines in a clinical waste bin and wash my hands. I then recorded the results in blood sugar monitoring pathway, I informed the nurse that the result was within normal range at 6. 1, I then stored the patient carded in the agreed storage area, adhering to confidentiality and, documentation and record keeping guidelines. How to cite Reflective Account, Essays

Life Lessons Ive Learned from Baking Essay Example For Students

Life Lessons Ive Learned from Baking Essay To be a good cook you have to have a love of the good, a love of hard work, and a love of creating. Julia Child The peanut butter cookie recipe called for brown sugar. My house was running low on it, but I didnt think much of using the last of it; maybe  ¾ of what I needed. I didnt think mixing white sugar and brown sugar was a good idea, so I decided to just bake the cookies with less sugar then needed. The cookies took almost double the amount of time they were supposed to bake. This was strange, as I had followed all the directions except using the right amount of sugar. After I thought the cookies were ready for eating, I took one. My cookies were a big surprise! I was ready to enjoy sweet, peanut butter cookies, but instead ate a salty cookie with extreme peanut butter flavor. My cookies were a disaster that led me to be more creative, made me venture away from cookbooks to create my own masterpiece. I could control how much of each ingredient was added and make it perfect. Looking for something to cook, I came across a bundle of bananas resting upon our fruit display . Maybe I was taken by the bright yellow color, but for whatever reason I chose bananas over oranges, cherries, and grapes. I still was craving dessert. I suddenly thought of cinnamon and sugar. I decided to use the stove and put bananas in cinnamon and sugar. Everyone in my home looked at me funny, perhaps they thought my creation was odd. They however tried the banana stir fry . They thought it was delicious. I believe it was a masterpiece, my masterpiece, and my cure to feeling sad about my disastrous peanut butter cookies. Cooking has meaning to me, especially as it helped me recuperate in a difficult time of my life. After my parents got divorced, many of typical family chores were left upon me as the older sister. Both of my parents worked long hours, so I found myself home watching my younger sister a lot of the time. Cooking became a responsibility for me, even if it was just simply making pasta or tossing a salad. I love cooking, as it has helped me grow and learn my responsibilities. Starting cooking at a younger age, I liked following strict recipes. I wasnt sure how to tweak and edit a recipe yet, so instead I liked following a recipe from a cookbook or even online. At that time in my life, things were confusing as many changes occurred. Even though following a recipe was simple, it still gave me a sense of togetherness. At that time in my life, I lacked certainty, as the divorce was confusing and I switched homes frequently. At the end of the day, I knew I could follow a recipe and stay on track. I liked being able to set my cooking goals, which was to be able to have dinner ready early so that my sister and I could eat at the same time every night, as that provided certainty to us in a time of confusion. My banana stir-fry makes me realize that failure can turn into achievement. The failure of my cookies led me to realize I could go farther in the kitchen, and come up with something all on my own. Coming up with a recipe on my own led me to a new discovery; something different than anything. Throwing things together can lead to a new discovery. I didnt believe that until this creation was formed. So maybe Im not a professional baker who can make gourmet cupcakes and cookies. I made something thats mine. My work, my creation, my thoughts  ¦all put into one simple meal. My banana stir-fry has taught me to appreciate mistakes. Maybe ill never make delicious peanut butter cookies if I dont follow the recipe. I can still create delicious treats on my own with exploration, time, and uncertainty.

White Space Design How to Use White Space Effectively in Web Design

If you’re not a designer, making sure your website looks near-perfect can be a challenge. Using a quality theme can help a lot, but you’ll also want to learn some basic principles if you want the best results. This includes understanding the concept of white space design.White space is exactly what it sounds like, and despite its apparent simplicity, it’s a vital part of any visual design. Too much can leave a page looking empty, for example, while too little can make your content appear cluttered. Achieving the right balance, on the other hand, can do a lot for your site’s appearance and ease of use.In this post, we’ll introduce the topic of white space design. We’ll explore the concept in detail, and show you how to apply it on your own site. Let’s get to work! web design. Even if you’ve never heard the phrase before, you probably have some idea of what it means from the name alone.Take a look at the following page:This home p age displays an image, a title, and some text, all of which is the pages content. The emptiness surrounding the content is referred to as white space.Of course, it’s important not to take this term too literally. White space doesnt actually have to be white – it can be any other background color (or even a background image or design). It’s simply the part of a page that’s left empty. Given this, it’s also sometimes called ‘negative space’.It’s easy to dismiss the blank parts of a page as unimportant. In a way, however, each page’s white space is as important as the content it separates. Let’s talk about why this is.Why white space is a vital design conceptWhen you’re putting together a website, it can be tempting to fit as much content as possible onto each page. There’s a lot you want to share with your readers or customers, after all. For this reason, slipping into a ‘more is better’ me ntality is easy.However, let’s look at what happens when we take this philosophy to its natural extreme:This page is almost completely devoid of white space, and suffers as a result. It appears incredibly cluttered, and it’s difficult to find what you’re looking for. Upon reaching a site like this, most visitors are likely to leave immediately.While this is perhaps an over-the-top example, pages not using enough white space are fairly common. This site also illustrates the point nicely:There’s less going on here, but the elements are still squashed too closely together. This makes the page overwhelming to look at (and of course, the choice of colors and visuals don’t help either).The point here is that using enough white space on your web pages is key to making them both visually appealing and easy to navigate. Having enough white space between elements has also been repeatedly shown to increase reading comprehension, and to have a positive effect on overall User Experience (UX).Of course, you can also take this concept too far in the opposite direction. Too much white space can leave your design looking empty, disjointed, and unprofessional:At the same time, Google’s home page is almost nothing but white space, and is highly effective:This just goes to show that how much white space is ‘right’ for any given web page depends on its goals and the type of content it includes. Finding the perfect balance between negative and occupied space should be at the forefront of your mind when building or redesigning your own website.How to use white space design effectively on your web pagesAs we’ve pointed out, both too much or too little white space can become an issue. In reality, however, the problem is nearly always forgetting to use enough negative space between the other elements on your web pages. This is why white space design largely revolves around balancing out content elements using white space.To get even more specific, there are actually two types of white space.Micro white spaceMicro white space refers to the smaller gaps found between lines of text, images in a grid or gallery, menu links, and other such elements:This space is crucial for ensuring that visitors can read the text on your page, and for separating elements to show that they’re distinct. In most cases, everything on your page should have at least a bit of micro white space around it.This can also be thought of as a border or margin, and is usually most effective when it’s used consistently. This means using the same amount of space between each line of text, for example, and including borders of the same width around all of your images:Macro white spaceAs you might expect, the other aspect to consider is macro white spaces. These are the larger empty areas found between sections of a page, around content blocks, or separating sidebars, headers, and footers from the main content:Macro white space helps visitors understand the structure of your web page. It quickly shows where one section ends and another begins. Plus, it ensures that key elements such as navigation are easily distinguishable from everything else.As a rule of thumb, the more distinct one element is from another, the more white space should be included between them. Sections with less negative space between them will be seen as more closely related. On the other hand, larger gaps indicate a switch to a new type of content or feature:Finally, white space can also be used to help the most important elements on a page stand out. For example, most sites have at least one  Call To Action (CTA). These are important steps you’d like your visitors to take. This could mean clicking on a purchase button, for example, or filling out a subscription form.Surrounding your CTA element with plenty of white space is one of the best ways to draw visitors’ eyes right to it. This is especially effective when the CTA itself is also made distinct through unique colors and design:Achieving the right balance of white space on your pages can take a little work. However, it’s well worth the effort involved. It’s also important to trust your own eye, and have testers take a look at your pages from a fresh perspective.In addition, if you’re having some trouble deciding whether or not you’ve included enough white space on a live site, you can use a heat map tool to analyze visitor behavior. If you’re not seeing much interaction with crucial elements like navigation and CTAs, you might benefit from giving them a little more room to breathe. When it comes to white space design, less is definitely more.ConclusionIt’s said that in music, the silences between notes are just as important as the sounds themselves, because this is what shapes and distinguishes those sounds. The same principle applies to your website – the spaces between content are more vital than you might at first expect.When it comes to using the principles of white space design on your site, balance is key. Too little white space leaves your pages feeling cluttered and confusing, while too much offers no clear structure. To avoid those issues, you can use negative space strategically to show both closely connected elements, and those to be seen as separate and distinct.Do you have any questions about how to use white space design effectively? Ask away in the comments section below! Here's how to use white space effectively in your #WordPress website #design

why im attending college essays

why im attending college essays Why Im Attending College Im attending Stockton for a few reasons but Im ultimately going to college for my future. I want to be successful and rich so I can have all the good things in life. I figure since my rock star career went south, Ill have to hit the books. Im here at Stockton to attain a degree in business and learn the things I need to become a strong businessman. I enjoy business and want to continue with it for my career. Id love to be the CEO of some huge corporation some day. I also want the full college experience partying, girls, partying... College gives me something to keep me going. Without it I feel like my job at the car wash is taking me nowhere. I want to be able to have a family without financial stress and worries. I used to think I was going to be a professional basketball player but Im to short so that didnt really work out the way I planned it. Then I thought Id be a professional golfer be Im bored of the sport so I dont want to play anymore. So finally I decided Id have to study my way out of a middle class family. I began my college education at a school out in Idaho that I didnt want to be at in the first place. My parents thought that it would be good for me because it was a church school and it would keep me out of trouble. Well I thought differently. I didnt want to be at that school from the beginning, but finally I gave in and agreed to go. I think the only reason I agreed to go was out of respect for my parents and because a friend from home was going to room with me. So I guess originally I was going to college for my parents and my friends. Those are the wrong reasons to be going across country to a school. I didnt want to be going that far in the first place. Our trip took a total of four days on the road. I believe that was the...

Memorandum of Law Assignment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Memorandum of Law Assignment - Research Paper Example Reviewing and evaluating the legal aspects of decisions made at different situations is of paramount importance especially in this environment that is characterized by trickery and lies. Thus although your intentions towards charitable donations are geared towards enhancing the good of the society, relative relationships and agreements that you enter into need to be defined by legal provisions. From a legal point of view, it cannot be disputed that you were misled by Integral Health Facility into paying them that particular amount of money. Further, the health facility breached the contract and the legal implications of this are diverse. Although factual information regarding these has been analyzed in the preceding segment, the final decision with respect to the legal measures to take is still yours. To understand the element of fraud in this case, it would be important for you to be conversant with the legal constituents of this malpractice. To begin with, there needs to be a false statement in the entire scenario (May & Ides, 2009). This is instrumental in justifying the ‘material’ aspect of the fraud. In your case, this is apparent because the executives of Integral Health Center used a false statement that they would build the cancer facility in their institution. They also went ahead to promise to use your name as per your wishes. Undoubtedly, this influenced you into agreeing to cancel all other engagements and proceed with this. You can agree with me that this was never implemented; the facility was not built and your money is set to be used on other matters. Another important notion is the intent to deceive in the particular statement. Although this is not explicit in your case, the inherent lies justify the intention to deceive by the Integral Health Facility executives. This is implied by their failure to initiate any practical measures towards building the facility. Using

Modelling Operational Risk by AMA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Modelling Operational Risk by AMA - Essay Example Lavin and Scherrish (1999) stressed that these statistical procedures are always expressed as the random vector of data based on risk cells that have specified density for a given vector of the parameter. Â  Shevchenko (2011) associated that Bayesian inference to a number of advantages, for which they are used to model operational risk. A typical example of this is what Embrechts and Puccetti (2008) noted to be the consistency and convenience associated with the statistical framework used in quantifying uncertainties. As a quantitative approach, the outcomes with Bayesian inference are always guaranteed to be the same whenever the similar variables are used. This makes the outcomes with Bayesian inference highly reliable and consistent among a similar set of operational variables within a bank (Lambrigger, Shevchenko, and WÃ ¼thrich, 2007 and Neil, Fenton and Tailor, 2005). What is more, Shevchenko (2011) acknowledged the fact that the Bayesian inference is highly accommodating and versatile as it incorporates expert opinions with historical internal and external data used in various operational risk estimations (Burnecki, Kukla and Taylor, 2005). Â  Even though the Bayesian inference has several strengths and advantages for usage, Shevchenko (2010) lamented that the approach’s over-reliance on scenario analysis and expert judgment acts as a major setback for usage within a good number of firms. Adding to this, Wasserman (1997) and Alderweireld, Garcia and LÃ ©onard (2006) agreed that even though both scenario analysis and expert judgement provide important information for forecasting and decision making, banks with the relatively limited dataset and those that only started a business may not have enough of these to use the Bayesian inference.

TORT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

TORT - Essay Example Nevertheless, in Home Office v Dorset Yacht Co ([1970] AC 1004 (HL) it was suggested that Lord Atkin’s rationale remained applicable unless the specific circumstances merited exclusion of the dictum. As a result, commentators argued that the pendulum had swung too far in favour of claimants, which was reinforced by the decision pertaining to proximity in terms of who the duty of care was owed to in Anns v Merton LBC ([1972 2 All ER 492). The decision in of Anns v Merton London Borough ([1978] A.C. 728) asserted that the proximity test relies on a consideration of the nature of the relationship between the parties and Lord Wilberforce asserted that: â€Å"in order to establish that a duty of care arises in a particular situation... the question has to be approached in two stages. First one has to ask whether, as between the alleged wrongdoer and the person who has suffered damage there is a sufficient relationship of proximity ... such that in the reasonable contemplation of t he former, carelessness on his part may be likely to cause damage to the latter- in which case a prima facie duty of care arises†. However, subsequent decisions have struggled with this and in practice the courts have sought to water down the ramifications of Lord Wilberforce’s dictum in Anns v Merton as highlighted by the decisions in Peabody Donation Fund v Sir Lindsay Parkinson ([1984] 3 All ER 529) and Yuen Kun-yeu v AG of Hong Kong ([1987] 2 All ER 705). Moreover, in Rowling v Takaro Properties ([1988] 1 All ER 163) Lord Keith highlighted the point that a literal application of the judicial rationale in Anns v Merton could risk courts not taking into account all relevant factual considerations when evaluating whether or not to impose a duty of care. This line of thinking was reinforced by Lord Templeman’s dictum in CBS Sons v Amstrad ([1988] 2 All ER 484) which suggested that the decision in Anns undermined the purpose of negligence liability and risked open ing the floodgates of claims. In highlighting the implications of Lord Wilberforce’s test in Anns, Lord Templeman commented that Anns: â€Å"put the floodgates on the jar, a fashionable plaintiff alleges negligence.† Whilst the post Anns decisions clearly tried to avoid the literal implications of the Wilberforce test, the duty of care test was clarified by the decision in the case of Caparo Industries v Dickman ([1990] 1 All ER 568). In Caparo v Dickman ([1990]1 ALL ER 568), the House of Lords confirmed the following three stage test to determine whether a duty of care exists: 1) Whether the consequence of the defendant’s actions were reasonably foreseeable; 2) Whether there was sufficient proximity to impose a duty of care; and 3) Whether it is fair, just and reasonable to impose a duty of care. Moreover, Lord Bridge focused on the interrelationship between foreseeability and proximity elements for the existence of duty of care. To this end, Lord Bridge commen ted that â€Å"necessary ingredients in any situation giving rise to a duty of care are that there should exist between the party owing the duty and the party to whom it is owed a relationship characterised by the law

Middle Class in India Sociology

Middle Class in India Sociology Is there something called the Indian Middle Class? How does this manifest in everyday India ? Illustrate this from Mother Pious Lady Reference? Indian middle class; is it a group or a phenomenon? Who are the people who form the Indian middle class, what are their culture? The Indian middle class has grown from a minority in pre-independence era to a vast majority taking the grip of the whole nation and playing a major role in driving it towards development. The book Mother Pious Lady by Mr Santosh Desai portrays the Indian middle class in vivid detail. The following writing takes the headings of the book and tries to explain Indian middle class with illustration from the book. I have tried covering the topics which I was able to connect to. Economic reform has provided the Indian middle class the most needed the liberation in terms of living life to the most. There has been a constant shift in the cultural sign and symbols adapted through ages. Disappearance of girls pig tail, freedom of mobility through scooterette, providing the elders their own space of living, telecommunication evolution, explosion in the passenger car segment , changing clothing pattern are few of the visible patterns in society. Girls pony tail were a symbol of desired feminine reserved nature which has seen a change both in length and its handling. The shortening of hair gives a girl a sense of personal control displayed metaphorically. The scooty revolution has helped the female to expand her boundaries without being dependent on any family member providing her a sense of independence. Even the car owned has seen a shift towards adapting more compact cars. The recent shift from petrol to electric and LPG based cars not only signifies the change in attitude towards efficiency but also the urge to keep up technologically. Dhoni has been one the true middle class iconic figures which has altered the way Indian see a small town boy. The can do attitude along with the lack of fear of failure and unmindfulness of hierarchy has been the reason behind success of Dhoni. Any Indian middle class can draw inspiration from him in the way towards dealing with pressure and performing without fear of failure. The increase in disposable income has led to the change in attitude towards life, attitude towards savings. The Indian middle class is not afraid to take risks in life to get a bigger return. He is in constant search of avenues of making money. An age where money has its own language, and the person in possession of money is in possession of power. It has become the source of energy which drives the entire economy, of which Indian middle class has played the most important role. Arranged marriage in a typical middle class families is still not openly accepted, reasons may be preference for same caste bride which may not be guaranteed in love marriage. It may also be due to unfamiliarity or not being comfortable to other caste customs being brought and practiced in one family. Arrange marriage is not seen as marriage of two individuals but two families as well. The idea of prospective bride and groom to know each other before marriage is not given preference as the custom of these individuals having the luxury of spending time together is quite rare in any joint family. Also, the societal pressure is also a big factor which forces one to look into same caste bride or groom. The priority of selection bride or groom also is quite typical in middle class family and exchange of dowry which comes as unsaid package plays a major role in this decision. The education qualification in higher of engineer or doctor may fetch enough dowry to groom family to cover almost all the family members lifetime expenditure. Its agreed that many a times this money only changes hand in case the same family has a girl to be married away. All these factors doesnt provide the luxury to place the freedom to choose the bride in the hand of the prospective groom himself. The power to choose the family needs to be closely guarded and the sense of freedom even need to be made to felt to the groom. Also, the custom of preparing and matching kundli of prospective bride and groom to formally accept marriage proposal also affects the decision. The decision to go against the familys belief of marrying someone who technically doesnt match on paper may lead to social seclusion. The present has become poor indicator of the future indicates that current reputation, societal status, family acceptance takes preference over the prospective future of those two individuals living together happily. The middle path of arranged love marriage seems to provide the best possible solution in the current middle class society. It comes with best of both the worlds. Even though, this may not be happening at an encouraging level provides enough encouragement to other families to try to adapt for the benefit of those two individuals in question. Other reason for further acceptance of this phenomenon is the trend of growing number of nuclear families. The tradition of newly wed bride to stay with the family is becoming less frequent, leading to providing both the individuals to start their life with their own rules. The importance given to the caste is also decreasing due to importance given to education qualification and economic status in the society. The essence of middle class can be truly experienced while travelling across country via any means be it train, bus, jugaad or be it airplane. Out of all these means Train definitely displays the middle class in true sense. Indian Railways carries millions of Indians mostly middle class people through length and breadth of this huge nation on a daily basis. A typical middle class passenger takes a train journey not just as travel but as ritual. He is worried about the co-passengers destination more than his own. The train coupe forms a perfect blend of many cultures and their practices. It is clearly visible during the meal time. Any Gujarati family travels in a group of min 4-5 members with a plethora of food varieties in their stock. The ritual of cutting and preparing salad, preparing for the meal by arranging the plates and laying out the pre made food contents. The daily routine of having daily meal is still maintained irrespective of the place they may be. After Gold, probably Stainless steel is the metal which places itself highly in the life of typical Indian middle class family. The metal is a reliable carrier of memories. It stands for pride, trust and assurance. Stainless steel makes its presence very eminent in daily life of middle class family through vessels, utensils. It is the true representation of aspirations of middle class family, to be able to shine even after being put to test on a daily basis. It serves to utility to max. But due to recent advent of polymer technology and post liberalization era, Stainless steel is being slowly being replaced by more cheaper and easily replaceable elements like plastics, aluminium. This trend not only displays the changing attitude of the middle class towards daily life approach. There has been a constant shift from need for longevity, durability to alternatives which would serve the utility at best price. This change is evident of the fact of the fast changing life, non belief in long standing commitment. Ease of manufacturing, handling, disposal, multi utility and economy of use Need for Communication places itself on a very high scale for any Indian, specially a middle class family. The urge to stay connected through any possible means forms a strong bond among geographically spread and settled of the community. Even Post card saw its evolution in the form of launch of competition postcards, travel postcards etc, which formed an important part of a typical middle class family. Post card, in pre telecommunication era, was the perfect carrier of messages which contained message not for individuals but for the whole family from another family as such. Post card was like the facebook wall for the whole family. After the advent to telecommunication era, the ease of message transmission was shifted to audio content from textual content. But the current shift to electronic mail or e-mail has detached the flavour of writing letter to near and dear ones. Its well acknowledged that it has made life simpler, but the shift from paper letter to e-mail has shifted the le tter only as intention. Middle class is best known for its ability to excel at the time of scarcity. The backbone of this feat comes from the culture of staying in joint families. Joint family is a true representation of Marxist institute where the fruits of toil of the family is equally shared among the members. The belief in sharing everyone materialistic property among the members gives it a strong sense of binding. Every member works for the family not for his self individual. But, there has been a constant erosion in the concept of living through sharing. This is clearly evident in the rising conflict in land claiming issues in joint families. The constant shift from joint to nuclear families, constant movement of families from rural areas to urban areas, rising living costs and at the base of all the changing attitude of middle class towards living through sharing has led to this crude change. Summer break was usually associated with long break from school, summer holidays and trip to either native place or to a holiday destination with the family. It was a time to spend quality time with our near and dear ones. It was a time to take up some hobby at leisure be it reading comics, take up painting or music classes. But the true essence of the break was that it provided an opportunity to connect to our real self, to our places and culture of origin. It was a time to experience the new, refuel with fresh change of much needed air. There has been a constant shift in the attitude of middle class towards the summer break as well. The shift from leisure spending to time to more serious way on engagement has been created due to constant peer pressure and to prove oneself distinct from the lot. The mushrooming of summer camps for children for sports, music and arts classes is not due to self interest of children as such but also to satisfy the aspiration of typical middle class par ents to see their children develop a multi faceted personality. Mothers role is universally given the top priority in any human being relationship pyramid. Indian Mother plays an even more important role in any middle class family. Gender Role of mother is very prominent in a middle class family. She is the person responsible for binding the family, its health and even for counselling. She plays multiple roles in a family with varied responsibilities. She is the one who is more bothered about her sons exams. She portrays the true values of middle class through her aspirations for the family at the cost of sacrificing her own life. The affinity of a typical middle class family with white cloth reflects its aspiration levels of getting noticed in the society. This portrays the notion of purity in the era of corruption. The analogue of usage of ultramarine on white cloth is clearly with thin film of elite culture which every middle class aspires to be a part of. Ultramarine actually doesnt help in whitening the cloth but only provides a blue coat to cover up the real patches of yellow dirt resting on the cloth. It signifies the constant urge of Indian middle class to stand apart, its constant urge to excel through continuous trial. The recent adaption of dye based cloth dye from ultramarine depicts a change in time. The spike in demand of English medium school for middle class and associating children education with English displays the attitude towards thin film culture to hide their true image. The obsession with order and discipline is a typical characteristic of Indian middle class. The sense of belonging is one of the implicit needs of the Indian middle class. Well creased and iron clothes are one of the symbols used to strengthen the need for order. It gives them the strength to fight against the chaos of nature. Straight Line represents their triumph of humanness. In the pre-liberalization era when people were not suffering from ADD(attention deficit disorder), people had vivid means of entertainment ranging from coffee house debating, fishing, travelling or be it sitting idle with friends with corner tea shops and having friendly chat. Even the perception of viewing something in motion could be termed as entertainment. Here the house window played an important role in opening. It was the theatre of our imagination which would let your creativity do the talking. The recent expansion in the media domain has increased the options of entertainment but also reduced the interest in the outside real world. The role of window has changed from taking interest in real world to secluding oneself from the society. The ritual of visiting our relatives and near and dear ones without pre-announcement and even without a purpose was a common habit among middle class families having geographically scattered members. Even the purpose of the visit was not important. But recently due changing relationship among people and with growing linearity among it, the visit is associated with a purpose. Even the acceptance of un announced visit are not welcomed. The reasons of the trend can be varying ranging from improving communication technology to shrinking of family size to engulfing oneself in their own word. One place where the true middle class can be found congregating is the 4 pages of weekly matrimonial ads in daily newspapers. The ads are structured as per the caste requirement. The place becomes the marketing platform where packaging the individual in the form of few highlighted well seeked off words becomes the success criteria of finding any mate through those ads. A typical middle class arranged marriage doesnt takes place between individuals but between the families and in turn their relatives. It doesnt remains an event affecting 2 individuals but goes far beyond. The typical middle class phenomenon of intra caste marriage even at the cost of not finding suitable bride/groom can have unwelcomed effect. It not only affects those individuals but also the society. This menace can only be dealt with if the priority of suitability for partner selection is shifted from caste to their personal attitude matching. Any vehicle which is typically associated with a middle class family has to be a scooter. A scooter is analogues to a mule; comparable in strength and obedience for load carriage. A vehicle providing mobility with multi utility and an aura of safety around it was the perfect companion of any Indian middle class family. Scooter portrays the middle class persona to perfection. The ability of carry person well above rated number and weight, the ability to transform from people carriage vehicle to goods carrier in both front compartment and side deck, never asking for maintenance and providing the security of spare wheel made it the most suitable vehicle on Indian roads for any middle class family. Auto rickshaw has been an integral part of our lives which provides personalised travelling mode at near affordable price. Auto rickshaw was a vehicle which provided freedom from wait for public transport and provided door to door connectivity. The vehicle was a true image of the growing aspirations of the Indian middle class providing them the much needed differentiation in terms of image perception. The vehicle itself was positioned between the affordable but not comfortable mode of transportation , ie 2 wheelers and un-affordable 4 wheelers for a typical middle class. Of late due to improving public transportation in cities and increasing fares of auto transport, there has been a shift towards other modes but auto rickshaw is here to stay to its USP. In the pre-liberalization era, buying of any household appliance was an occasion in itself. The long term association with the appliances bought made it even further a special occasion. The appliances ranged from TV, fridge, Tape recorder, scooter, cooker, sewing machine etc. The appliance almost became a part of the family itself with special handling care taken care by the head of the family. The TV remote was the power centre which needs to be wrapped in polythene and handled only under guided supervision. Of late with the advent of consumerism and even increasing appliances buying and replacement rate, the importance of any appliance has reduced drastically. The role of appliance has shifted from being centrally used by the family to personalized usage. The concept of personalized appliance for every member of the family be it mobile phones, music systems or even vehicles has reduced the emotional elements attached with the appliance. The behaviour has changed from repair mentali ty to exchange mentality. This has further reduced the need for caring for the appliance as the life cycle of the technology considered upto date has also reduced drastically with new models being churned out every few models with better and improved features. The medical service was and is still considered luxury for many strata of our society. The affordability and notions attached with medical service and doctor are still alien in many parts of the society where the sole responsibility of the family health either lies in the hands of god or local medicine practitioners. But in other well off places doctors are almost next to god. The typical Indian middle class finds itself stuck between the affordability factor and belief factor. Of late a typical Indian middle class tries to over smart the well trained doctor through primary research on internet. To him the advice given by an unknown on internet appeals to him with greater truth factor than the advice given to him by doctor. Radio was a very strong binding medium in pre TV era connecting people from across the geography, occupation etc. There has been a constant shift in the methodology of popularity calculation of songs. Not only radio but also TV has been affected by the consumerism. The method of popularity is not only based on artists performance but also on the no. of sms send during the event. The Indian middle class is an upfront participant in the era of consumerism. The power of voting for their favourite performer has engaged the middle class into ever longer participation and increased its loyalty for the event. A typical Indian middle class finds pleasure in seeing someone alike performing well and progressing in the event. Cinema is trying to woo the middle class by providing much demand exclusive comfort through various class in shows. Typical Indian street food is a moving map of Indian culture whether you eat paani poori or idli dosa or Chinese. Its a place where hygiene is typically overlooked and is subsided by taste. Its a place for any typical calorie conscious individual to indulge and forget about extra calories. Its also a place where people across religion, caste and race are binded without issues. Indians love their cinemas and Songs and heroes are an integral part of it. Of late, there has been a constant shift from emotion based poetic songs to meaningless songs which are getting more encouragement from the society. Society doesnt have the quest for meaning through songs anymore, reasons may be varied. May be the middle class doesnt come to cinema anymore as a issue solver but as a mere entertainer. Cinema provides them escape from daily life issues for a couple of hours. And thats the reason, people look up to todays heroes as mere epitome of excess.The need of the hour is to encourage the real heroes to bring change in the society. Middle class need to rise to true heroism, be it being entrepreneur; helping generate jobs, generate income for people, be it working for societal development. Indian middle class is obsessed with power which really comes hard and short lived at times. The phenomenon is clearly evident in political hierarchy, power associated with official cars, its red sirens, the issue associated with security frisking. The reasons may be in the cultures acceptance of power distance, the need to show power at hand to society to gain importance. PSUs were set with mind set of socialism, but apparently they are the power house of the Indian industries. This scenario has been constantly shifting due to increasing entry of MNCs in India who preach exactly the opposite with its flat office structure, its open door policy, its transparency, its priority to performance over age based seniority etc. Film, politics and corporate are biggest institutions providing transfer of legacy through free passage of the baton to their next generation. License raj period was a black era where ones ability to survive directly depended on the bureaucratic contacts he/she had. T he Indian middle class was a complete misfit in this zone. The scene is also changing fast due to increased concern over the companys performance even at the cost of baton going to an outsider fit for the role. We need to watch for similar happenings in politics as well. Indian middle class are the true carriers of ancient Indian culture in todays Indian culture. This is represented clearly in the food and our existence around it. The food acts as the centre of our existence and stomach the seat of our soul. Food may be the barometer of our lives. The reasons could be due to immigration of varied cultures in India through ages, providing an enriching mix of food culture. One of unique form of food serving can be found in Thali. It forms a unique contrast with the western food culture of serving food in linear courses. The food itself is arranged all a time providing the connoisseur the option of selecting his course order accordingly. The reason why we enjoy Thali may be due to our finding pleasure in chaos. Another, interesting food form ie Pickle forms a central part of a typical middle class diet. Pickle tries to preserve its ingredient in interesting form. It acts like the culture distillate. The availability of thali food in restaurant and pickl e available in jars in retail stores reflect the changes in society. The hectic and fast moving lifestyle in urban areas doesnt provide an opportunity to families in either engaging in pickle preparation at home, neither do they find time to have meals at a time with the whole family at once. Even the food habits have seen constant change from Indian food to western food. The need to have the food on the move has seen shift in food and catering culture. Indians have always felt fuzzy in declaring their love towards their loved ones and the concept of expressing oneself through words, day celebration etc was of alien in nature. With liberalization and adoption of western culture, there has a constant shift towards need for verbal and visual expression of love and care. The growth of cards culture in form of Archies, Hallmark etc., celebration of fathers day, mothers day, and even valentines day has come under accepted and much needed norms. The major reasons may be increasing spatial, cultural and generation gap among the family members. The middle class in the run to keep up with the society has replaced bhai dooj with brothers day, the daily expressed silent care with valentines day, the parental respect with fathers day. The reason could be the need to make every occasion big and reason to celebrate with public display. The love in some cases may also be weighed in terms of the value of the gift exchanged. The Indian middle class obsession with English is not a new phenomenon, whether in the form of English pet names, obsession with English medium schools, the urge to communicate in English. This market is very well served by the growing tutorial classes promising to teach English in 30 days. Even though the excessive obsession has led to corrosion of native Indian culture but it also has a silver lining along with it. The booming IT outsourcing industry has been successful majorly due to the proficiency achieved by Indian middle class to international acceptable standards which has led to opening of job horizons for many. The Indian middle class believes in sharing and living, but sometimes at the cost of others inconvenience. This is clearly evident in the missing mobile etiquettes, throwing garbage in public places, listening TV at home at full volume. The lack of need to respect others space may be the outcome of the feeling of one with the society. This seem an issue of little relevance but with times there arises the need to educate people about respecting for others feeling and space essential for peaceful coexistence. Few rituals find peculiar adaptation in typical Indian middle class society. The traffic system portrays a system of chaos working perfectly in harmony. Every driver has his own meaning of traffic rule, he drives focused only on his objective. The myopic objective getting ahead of others even at the cost of creating traffic jam later. Honking is used for power display with safety put to backseat. Indian traffic is a perfect smaller version of Indian middle class culture. Many cities operate with no traffic signal nor with traffic policemen, which display almost magically the understanding amongst motorist. Indians always find hard to follow rules carved by someone else but are always apt to form their own. The rules are there to be bent which is evident in the way drivers do when they jus hang the seat belt to escape fine only to release it at the first possible opportunity, two wheelers carry helmets in hand only to be worn when faced with a traffic policeman. The chalta hai proves to be major deterrent to arrive at a lasting solution. The lack of desire for quality may be due to lack of desire for lasting solution. The major beneficiary is Indian politics where criminals are forgotten and re-elected, where scams are forgone with time. India has come a long way from 64 crore bofors scam to 1.76 lakh crore 2G telecom scam of which Indian middle class was a mere spectator. Indian middle seem to be good at forgiving and even better at forgetting. Even sports remains untouched when come to the scandals like cricket and recent common wealth games. The reason may be the attitude of disinterest of people towards apt punishment. The need of the hour is to educate the mass about the importance and benefit of following traffic rules. The need of the hour is to make the Indian middle class realize the power they have in their hands to elect capable and apt people. Liquor was always looked up as a menace in the Indian middle class and its association with ability to take the human out of oneself. The elite and extreme lower class always some occasion or reason associated with liquor consumption. But the middle class always took it as an unwinding tool, as a medium to hang out with. Our trip to Hill stations have always been associated with family, as a place to escape the heat and noise of the city. Indians always have been worshiping Sun, but also has always been looked with harshness of its nature which is quite opposite to western culture where they tend to welcome sun. Amitabh Bacchan is one those iconic figures who has lived through Indians for almost four decades now. He has lived almost all his characters too real life like. He has given every Indian the sense of his own existence through his reel characters. He has been the icon of credibility for most if the Indian middle class. He is the one who can be trusted by any brand either for publicity or damage control, ranging from Gujarat tourism to Cadbury worm controversy.

The Name of War Essay -- Essays Papers

The Name of War In this historical and culturally divided book, Jill Lepore examines and tries to define the King Philips War and how people wrote about it. At the beginning of the colonies it was a start of a â€Å"New England" and after the King Philip’s War with all of the religious conflicts and war stories, a new American identity was born. Throughout this book she tells gruesome tales about murders, massacres, and battles. Even thought his book jumps a lot in chronically order she successfully tells the tales for both sides pretty accurately. I enjoyed reading some parts of this book. Especially the beginning and the middle because I thought the End dropped off and slowed down. Starting even before the war begins, she tells the tale of John Sassamon which she uses as the basis of ideas. This is a center point of the first part of her book. Why Sassamon was either killed for no reason or assassinated? New England Indians at the time were to become accustom to English goods and some were even converting to Christianity. Soon after the war begins she shows how the Indians use Christianity as a part of their war. Also after the war begins she writes about how many writers try to capture the war in words so that the colonies don't loose their "Englishness". This is ironic because by trying not to loose their "Englishness" they form an American identity. Inside the John Sassamon story lays the true reason why he was killed. Sassamon was an educated man, which was very rare considering he was a Native American. Even though he was growing apart from some of his friends in the colonies he still had strong ties with them. There are many reasons why he would be killed but none as strong as turning on your own people. Treason is considered a great offence to our country, imagine the offence taken by the Native Americans. Reading this book I found great similarities with the Native American culture and one with a gang or a mob family. All of them seem to have great penalties for one of their own turning against them. The major difference would be that the Native Americans religion was also a great deal of their culture. A mob family’s religion (catholic or instance) would conflict with the killing of another human. But the Native Americans were not that way, if one was killed and they took hostages then the one killed could be reveng ed by killing a hostage.... ...re not doing any of the torturing and only watching they don’t loose their ties with the mother land. This was completely wrong, the Colonists were there not the English. The English might have read about it somewhere in a newspaper or a book but the Colonists had to live through it. This is the reason why the Colonists lost their Englishness and began a new American identity. Lepore also used writers of that time to distinguish between how they told their truth and what she thought was the truth. This was a very useful part of the book, it showed to us the reader, that not all the stories that we read about the in history books or books from that time are entirely correct. That in every writing there is some type of biases ness. She did a very good job on representing both sides very well. This book was the study of war and how people wrote about it. But also the book makes it apparently clear that this was the start of a new American identity. Throughout the writings, stories, and all of the religious battles that were fought one true thing remained the colonist’s Englishness was gone. This was not New England any more this was something new. This was a â€Å"New† New England.

Everyday Healthcare Ethics Stress and Ethical Issues in Nursing Essay

The nursing is a fundamental sector in the provision of proper healthcare services to the individuals and the society as a whole. The importance of the sector is emphasized as it has a bearing on the health status of the economy. The state of health of the people forming part of the society today is of the essence. Improper health of individual workers affects the output of the workers negatively as they cannot effectively attend to their obligations at work. It results into a nation-wide loss of revenue. A healthy economy thrives in all the sectors as the workers are in a position to effectively deliver in their workplaces. A healthy economy earns good revenues. The inclusion of the issue of economic issues of the nation in the topic of health is of great magnitude. It shows the weight that the issue of healthcare has on the economic progress of the contemporary economy. The topic of nursing is one that cannot be avoided if the fate of the economy is to be established. The health se ctor in the contemporary society faces several ethical issues in the nursing sector (Baillie, 2013). A major aspect of the ethical issues that are subject to heated debates is the stress factor at the workplace. Critics postulate that the sector contains a large group of nurses who are burdened by stress. It is dreaded that the continuous contact of the nurses with stressful conditions can negatively impact on their delivery in the job set-up (Baillie, 2013). The extent to which stress affects service delivery in the health sector has not been established, and it attracts substantial attention in research. The stress that the paper capitalizes on is the stress that a nurse worker is exposed to in and off the workplace. It is noted that stress can lead to the sprouting of other ethical challenges (Baillie, 2013). The paper capitalizes on the various ethical challenges exhibited in the nursing profession. It discusses the possible effects of the ethical challenges, causation factors and their relation to stress as a major ethical issue in the provision of  healthcare services. The recommends the latest remedies that can be employed to minimize stress. Forms of ethical challenges and causes of stress in the nursing industry Nurses encounter challenges and dilemmas in circumstances that they cannot get the opportunity to undertake what they think is right (Luhanga et al., 2010). Such circumstances require steady thinking and making of substantial resolutions that can work. The urge of the nurses to be good professionals intensifies the need to meditate on a given situation clouded by dilemma. The circumstances that present the nurse with a tough question to answer often trigger the development of stress within the worker. The stress is experienced at the very stage of making a decision on a given critical issue and also after the decision is made in response to the tough situation. The nurses, therefore, experience a great extent of moral distress. The event of the experience triggers varied reactions in different nurses. Some of the nurses have the courage to speak out their minds while some lack such courage and they go around hiding their problems. Burden of Witnessing an Ailing Patient The forms of ethical challenges such as stress could be drawn based on the causation factor. There is a burden of witnessing the ailing of the patients in their hospital beds. There are many patients who suffer for a longtime in the hospitals and their conditions keep worsening to the point of death. Such scenarios affect the nurses who provide healthcare services if they are constantly exposed to the similar circumstances. The work of a nurse is to relieve the suffering of the patient. The complex intervention that are resorted to, often lead to more suffering of the patients. The nurses are, therefore, torn between effecting the remedy and letting the patient remain in the state of mild suffering. The thought of being unable to contain the situation when there is an available option that can be exploited poses a great challenge to the nurses. The mental burden of bearing the suffering in their minds for such long durations may affect their service delivery if a remedy is not effect ed swiftly (Luhanga et al., 2010) Ignorance of the Family Members of the Patient The ethical challenges obviously had to do with watching the patients suffer: a suffering that the nurses deem to be unnecessary. It is understandable that the available nursing interventions that may be effected may serve to increase the suffering of the patient without causing an outcome for improvement. The other form of challenge that nurses experience could be the stress caused by the ignorance of the family of the patient and the patients about the available treatment options that can be exploited in a given scenario. They do not know the clinical prognosis of the treatment option that is available and the family of the patient do not stop at establishing whether the voice of the patient is taken care of in most situations (Tully, 2014). The family members of the patient often press on the administration of treatments without the knowledge of the resulting repercussions of the said treatment to the patient. They also criticize and influence the decision that is made by the patient on the appropriate treatment to be administered. The indulgence of the external parties in matters of the patient’s medication or treatment stresses-up nurses and other medics too (Tully, 2014). The stress often comes up when they are forced to administer treatments based on past successful occasion on a patient with a different diagnosis. The problem also comes in after the controversial treatment is effected, and the effects appear to be detrimental to the patient. The latter scenarios are often characterized by fierce criticism of the nurse who participated in administering the treatment. The professionalism of the participating nurse is usually questioned and in some cases the nurse can even end up in a court of law. Such cases are major instances that causes mental stress and shapes the origins or forms in which the said ethical challenges arise in the course of provision of healthcare services. Co nflict of Interest Offering care to the patients presents another form through which stress emerges in the nursing profession. It is the kind of ethical challenge that emanates from a conflict between the interest of the organisation and interest of the individual nurses (Tully, 2014). The health providers including private clinics, public hospitals and other health institutions have their rules that they often regard as ethical. The health providers often strive to push for actions that serve their best interests in the  industry of health service. The most prominent organisation that have strict rules are the private entities. The issue of conflict here is usually the payment modalities. It is known that the economic capabilities of patients differ and the methods of making medical payments cannot be the same for all the patients. The rules of the medical institutions provide that payments should be made promptly to the institution for any service that is provided to the patient. Some patients ofte n have no ready cash owing to their economic circumstances and the high cost of medical healthcare. Organisation often insists that payments are to be made immediately before the commencement of treatment even in conditions where the patient is in critical conditions (Ulrich, 2010). The nurses are the intermediaries between the management and the patients. Therefore, they are the people entitled to further or to carry out the interest of the organisation. They often face the challenge of serving the organisation or providing services to the patient to save a life. The challenge exists in trying to strike a balance between being loyal to the employer and saving the life of an innocent patient in a critical condition. Seeing an innocent and helpless patient die in the event of serving the interest of the employer could be so stressful in real life. As much as money is needed to take care of the medical expenses of the medical provider, the interest of the patient of lower economic status must also be regarded to ensure that the nurses do not suffer from the challenge of divided interest (Ulrich, 2010). The work environment The contemporary society presents various complications in the field Medicare. The complications are witnessed in the structure of the organisation and in the communication channels that are used in the medical institution (Seedhouse, 2013). The structure of the leadership in a medical institution and the mode of communication can serve to frustrate the nurses in the workplace. Several nurses report difficulties in communication and instances of workplace bullying. The elements mentioned are part of serious work environment ethical concerns in the contemporary society. The present hierarchy of work structure in the management is designed in a manner that does not encourage communication among workers. Most organisation exhibit tall leadership structures. Tall leadership structures contribute to the  discouraging of vertical communication among the workers in a medical institution. The junior employees are placed in a circumstance where they can hardly initiate or communicate to the senior employees about any ethical issue that may arise. Nurses are the employees who are ranked at the lower topology of the leadership organogram just after the subordinate staff. Their placement does not allow them effectively to pass ethical issue to their bosses (Seedhouse, 2013). Stress comes in when the ethical issues such as gender violence at work, bullying at the workplace or any other related mistreatment issues cannot be passed to higher authorities for deliberation. The condition presents a scenario where several issue build-up beyond the control of the employee. The build-up of issues in the minds of the nurses causes them to be stressed up in their workplaces, and this has a negative influence on the quality of the services delivered. Understaffing The other issue causing stress is the issue of staffing. The society today is characterized by increased levels of ailments and various diseases that come up every day. The presence of chronic diseases, as well as, the occurrence of several accidents presents a scenario where the number of the patients in the health facilities increase tremendously. The increase in the number of patients causes the necessity for an increase in the numbers of nurses who can promptly attend to the patients. Despite the large increase, the nurse to patient ratio has not been any better (Maynard, 2011). The nurses are therefore overloaded with work in their work environments. Their bosses exert much pressure on them to deliver as per the job description that they signed. The process of striking a balance in attending to many patients is quite stressful and can cause them to deliver poor services to the patients. The nurses are, therefore, forced to dodge certain duties that are assigned to them in genuine terms. Some of the nurses suffer emotional disturbance in instances where they genuinely neglect a duty due to the fact that they were held up in delivering services to the other patients. Understaffing, therefore, causes stress to the nurses through the creating of a hectic working environment that is over-demanding to the nurses (Maynard, 2011). Prioritization of the Patients’ Needs The patients in the health care institutions do not only have health  problems, but they also have emotional disorders. The emotional needs of the patients also deserve to be addressed promptly as they also affect the healing process of the patients. The nurses are individuals specialized in the provision of Medicare services to the patients. They are not adequately trained to address the emotional needs of the patients. At times, situations that demand the addressing of an emotional condition of the patient arises and this calls for the attention of the nurses. Being that the nurses are not well trained in the field and that they have other health duties to attend to, they are often faced with the challenge of taking up the duty to provide emotional support to the respective patient (Mark, 2012). If they decide to avoid attending to the emotional duty, they may feel that they are not doing any good to the patients who do not receive optimal healthcare. They also feel that the family of the patient may give a negative feedback on their performances in the occasion that they did not get full support. Their attention is divided in prioritizing the nature of the duty to indulge in when such cases arise. The event can cause emotional distress and mental stress to the nurses, hence leading to the causation of other opportunistic ethical nursing problems. Advanced Technology in Healthcare Provision Technology used in the delivery of healthcare services are becoming more complicated with time. Almost all the tasks in the health institution are performed with the aid of a machine (Maynard, 2011). The nurses are, therefore, placed in a condition where they have no other easy alternative, but to learn how to use the technology. The patients under treatment at times could be more knowledgeable on the respective technologies that the nurse. The resulting situation can possible cause a challenge to the nurse as he will not be comfortable in the process of using the technology on such a patient. The nurses are, therefore, entitled to keep updating themselves on the new technology that is used in the field of healthcare provision. The process of maintaining a regular update on the use of the current technology could cause much stress to the nurses (Ulrich et al., 2010). Nurses are stressed when they cannot balance between learning new tricks at work and providing healthcare services eff ectively. Recommendation for Reduction of Stress The elements that cause stress to the nurses in the health organisations deserve to be addressed promptly. It is because stress as an ethical issue causes impacts that stretch to very many fields and varied stakeholders at play. Stress affects the delivery of the nurses in the health sector. The section provides remedies that should be considered in ensuring that the aspects that cause stress in the workplace are negated. The recommendation will also guide in the proper management of the stress whenever it is contracted by the nurses. The recommendations below are specifically tailored for containing the stress condition for the nurses. Research shows that a scheduled course of guided coaching in mindfulness deliberation or mediation practices, facilitated group discussion, yoga and stretching, home assignments and work, and individually tailored support and instruction can serve to minimize the effects of stress in a nurse (Ulrich et al., 2010). The remedy is justified from a demonstration in a research work that was carried out. The overall health and well-being of the nurses who participated in the demonstration was surveyed at three points namely 2 weeks prior to research, immediately after the program, and four months following the program. Results displayed statistical improvement in the wellness and overall health of the nurses at each point of intervention (Clark, 2010). The program can be recommended for use by the nurses. Stress prevention can be initiated through the initiation of measures that prevent the occurrence of other ethical issues as stress is indirectly connected to them (Opie et al., 2013). Mo st of the ethical issues cause stress and, therefore, their prevention results into minimization of the occurrence of stress among medical nurses. The administration of the health institutions should look for ways that encourage the realization of community obligation to the patient, with partnership in answering questions and conversing about ethical issues. It helps the families and the community at large to understand the circumstances under which the nurses undertake their obligation (Hussain, 2009). It will save the nurses from receiving intensive criticism when a given treatment responds negatively, hence the nurse concerned will be less stressed. The administration should ensure that the nurses are trained to provide emotional support to the patients who need such services to avoid the development of the feeling that shoddy work  has been done. Nurses should reflect on how they can manage to complete obligations. Nurses should call on their team members, for instance to help them balance between talking and tasks with a patient who is dismayed (Clark, 2010). As nurses develop and advance in experience, they become bett er. Relevant training must be done to the nurses on the usage of technology in the delivery of health services to clients so as to avoid embarrassing situations. The nurses can advocates for the availability of adequate staffing that is suitable for the patient population (Clark, 2010). They should also know how to resolve issues when there is inadequate staffing Conclusion The development in the contemporary society presents complications in various sectors. Health sector is not an exception. Many ethical issues that cause stress are seen to arise in the healthcare sector. The ethical issue arises from the unfavorable work environments of the workers, poor leadership structures, and lack of effective communication among workers, understaffing, and ignorance of the community among others. The effective implementation of the recommendation will serve to restore sanity in nursing as they will aid in preventing ethical conditions that cause stress to the nurses. As a result, the provision of healthcare services by the nurses will be improved to adequate levels. References Baillie, H. W. (2013). Health care ethics (6th Ed.). Boston: Prentice Hall. Clark, A. C. (2010). Anxiety and Stress Management Toolkit Anxiety and Stress Management Toolkit. Nursing Standard, 15(52), 29-29. Hussain, F. (2009). Handbook for Health Care Ethics Committees (review). Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 20(3), 929-930. Luhanga, F., Myrick, F., & Yonge, O. (2010). The Preceptorship Experience: An Examination of Ethical and Accountability Issues. Journal of Professional Nursing, 26(5), 264-271. Mark, F. (2012). Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Nursing. Journal of Neuroscience Nursing, 37(4), 179. Maynard, A. (2011). Ethics and health care ‘underfunding’. Journal of Medical Ethics, 27(4), 223-227. Opie, T., Dollard, M., Lenthall, S., & Knight, S. (2013). Occupational Stress in Remote Area Nursing: Development of the Remote Area Nursing Stress Scale (RANSS). Journal of Nursing Measurement, 21(2), 246-263. Seedhouse, D. (2013). What is the difference between health care ethics, medical ethics and nursing ethics? Health Care Analysis, 5(4), 267-274. Tully, A. (2014). Stress, sources of stress and ways of coping among psychiatric nursing students. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 11(1), 43-47. Ulrich, C. M., Taylor, C., Soeken, K., O. Donnell, P., Farrar, A., Danis, M., et al. (2010). Everyday Ethics: Ethical Issues and Stress in Nursing Practice. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 66(11), 2510-2519.

Feminist Research Methods

Feminist Research Methods Introduction It is imperative to understand what entails feminist research methods before discussing the ways that these methods can be used to empower women. It is vital to get clarity of why these particular methods are referred to as ‘feminist research methods’.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Feminist Research Methods specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The study of methods and methodology shows that the unique differences are found in the motives of the research, the knowledge that the research seeks to expound, and the concerns of the researchers and the research itself. Feminist Research Methods Empowers A feminist research is an investigation that is conducted by women who recognize themselves as feminists and this investigation has a specific purpose for finding out (a ‘why’), certain types of questions and issues are to be known about a topic (‘what’) (Lather 571). Femini st studies use identifiable methods of finding out how and these characteristically base their success on the experience of women in a world where women are seen as subordinates to men. Feminist research methods, if they exist, then how are they different from the usual research methods in the conventional study? In response to these concerns, there are actually no distinctive feminist research methods from the conventional ones. They are innovations to the discipline-based methods made to the usual survey methodologies, experimentation and ethnography methods (Lather 572). The main argument of feminist research methods in this context explores the viewpoints of women like in networking, conversation, genealogy and multi-person consciousness. Partly, the dedication to the societal change of a situation where women are recognized for their contribution to the society entails a commitment to the subjects of the research (Monkman Stacki 174). A feminist research addresses these concer ns to a greater length. It can therefore be seen as a way of raising consciousness for the subjects.Advertising Looking for essay on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When women get involved in this type of studies as active members of the research process, they need space to question and resolutely assess their experiences (Lather 575). These methods also allow recognition of the relationships and the links that connect places, events and their lives and social world (Ramazanoğlu 137). The empowerment comes in a way that the research methods bring out education and knowledge and the confirmation that women’s experiences are part of a greater social structure. Feminist research methods also help to show that women contribute to development of meaning and participate in processes of analysis based on their experiences (Ramazanoğlu 138). The discussion among women and the availability of femi nist research methods are an opportunity to try women’s abilities in a male dominated community. There are social struggles through power, culture, class and gender. Through all these, women have to be recognized and appreciated (Ramazanoğlu 139). This is what emancipates and empowers the women. Even though the feminist research is intended to empower women, it often faces tough challenges. Looking at it from the women’s viewpoint, the attainment of knowledge can help to restructure the power imbalances in the research relationship and hence achieving the objectives of informing the society (Lather 577). In summary, the advent of this type of study design, the feminist research has played a very big role in reconstruction of the domain of conventional research. This has been exposed by new perspectives of research showing the reality of the social status. Issues like gender ethics, discrimination and female subjugation have helped bring out women consciousness empow ering them by offering legal reason for social change concerning issues of gender which adversely affect humanity (Bryson 67). What Methods and Tools Would You Employ To Empower Women In Development Projects? At a time when women across the world and especially in Asia are more exposed to the impact of economic downturn the ever before, examining the methods and tools used to safeguard and improve their participation is development project is necessary. Many international organizations for women empowerment focus on initiatives of poverty reduction.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Feminist Research Methods specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These projects help in addressing the basic needs of the targeted people (Bryson 67). Besides, these organizations focus mainly on provision of the necessary infrastructure which facilitate women’s empowerment like construction of roads, drilling of water and so on (Parvin e t al 48). Essentially, a project which provides safe and clean drinking water helps the women to significantly reduce the time they take to do their household chores. In most cases these have been the tasks of women. As a result, they get more time to take part in the income generating activities in their communities and the girls get an opportunity to attend school rather staying at home to do these household tasks (Bryson 69). In such cases that women are able to manage their time well and have some spare time that is not utilized by activities outsides their home. There are high chances that this liberated time could end up being quickly occupied by other new household tasks again. Whereas the connection between the empowerment of women and the community development is obvious, the connection between these two factors is not totally informal and subordination of women does not come out of poverty per se (Oakley 45). Because of the tendency of the problem to affect the entire soci ety, development of infrastructure, provision of income generating initiatives, support of the women self help groups and institutions of legislations that protect against discriminations are the tools for empowering women. These methods have a broader goal which is wider that human development and human development on the other hand is much greater than empowerment (Bryson 69). Nonetheless, there is significant overlap of the ideas from each of these concepts. The overall definition of what entails women empowerment is that ‘they are all processes that women need to take charge of and own in order to improve their position in the society’.Advertising Looking for essay on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The elements of ownership and control need a wider range of opportunities where women can choose from and this understanding of overlaps the concept of human development when it is looked at from the perspective that empowerment is a process of increasing the number of options for survival (Oakley 45). In the Asian Countries The ability of women in achieving better heights in the society is often limited by a number of factors and on top of it all is the agency. Essentially, there is a limitation of women’s own ideas of what they can possibly do by themselves (Parvin et al 48). There have been laws especially those fashioned in line with religious beliefs and influenced by patriarchal society defining what is legal or illegal for women to do. Besides the societal norms are much stronger and selfish in defining what the woman should and should not be doing (Oakley 48). These beliefs and influences the activities women can engage in especially their ideas of empowering themselv es. Many of them having lived under such influences have internalized views like ‘I am a woman and I am able to do or not to do this because it’s against the society values, attitude and previous experiences’ (Oakley 48). There are also objective limits restricting the activities that are acceptable and not acceptable for women. In Asian nations, women have mostly been pushed aside by the ownership laws, political rights, access to employment since the woman’s place was determined to be at home, and the inheritance laws where women do not have right to inherit family property (Parvin et al 48). There is also the limit to the space and activities of women in other societal concepts and therefore tools of empowerment for Asian women do not have particular agent of change but facilitate empowerment as a process of change to be driven by women. Agency and education An important tool in Asia has been to build the agency and also ensure the people own and feel t hat sense of agency. In Asia, the ability of women to define their goals and act upon them to better their lives is pertinent (Parvin et al 48). The sense of agency is therefore an internal aspect of feeling able to act and also having that potential to do so. Agency is build by providing education. It’s quite clear that lack of it or poor quality education for girls and women contribute greatly to their low status in the society. Many girls in Asia have previously not attended schools because they were required to stay at home and take care of the home with their mothers. When they marry their role is to take care of the home, children and the husband (Parvin et al 51). The community at large must confront the attitude and assumptions which keep girls out of school. It is proper to have creative methods of changing the viewpoints of the society concerning education for girls (Kumar 110). To set up the platform for increasing the enrolment of girls, some laws must be stringen tly applied. Child labour should be abolished for good so that school going children can have only one job, to attend school. India and Pakistan have suffered considerable problems with child labour issues (Parvin et al 56). There should not be cases of early and forced marriage. These have been the primary factor why girls in Asia like in Saudi Arabia, Oman, India and other nations in the region have been abandoning school. With many activists outreach organization, the problem has significantly reduced (Letherby 123). For Asian women, social, political and economical empowerment has had an insightful impact on the position of the women. Generally, women’s position has allowed them to cause impacts that bring changes economic development and favors development equality and enjoyment of human rights. There have been considerable changes and more and more women have gotten into schools, university and even formal employment like clerical work, service industry and in manufactu ring sector. Even though today the proportion is still small, it is growing at a considerable consistent rate (Oakley 49). The Asian nations are adversely affected – especially the idea of sex selection abortion targeting girls. Most Asian have now set the primary school education compulsory for both girls and boys in many nations in East and South East Asia. More women are enrolling in secondary schools also. South Korea and Thailand have enrollment is the same for both boys and girls. On the other hand, Philippines’ enrolment of girls is rising above that of boys. Other countries like India, the proportion of women attending college is increasing yet it remains lower compared to that of men especially for college and university enrollment (UNESCO 2000). Countries like Iran Kuwait, Bahrain, Yemen, Saudi Arabia and Qatar among other has strategized to empower women by education. This is because education is the only resource that can improve individual’s welfare in terms of economy and social advancement. Middle East countries used to exclude girls in education but this has changed dramatically in the recent times. The secondary and college education has been offering the girls the skills and knowledge to increase labor force. The challenge to this strategy has been that even though more girls are getting enrolment, sometimes they learn very little to allow then to prepare to compete and survive 21st century job market. Access has increased significantly but the quality is a challenge. The Arab Human Development report shows that the ability of access to education has not been able to offer the required credential for the women to get into employment and compete favorably in Arab societies. Power structures and Gender-based violence In order to act on the goals an individual sets, she must be aware on the implications of the power system on these goals. There are norms, legal frameworks and other discriminatory forces in the community (Nap les 98). Gaining awareness of all these is hence very important. Women in Asia have been subordinate to different power structures for so long. These structures include social class, gender, ethnicity and even place of residence (Naples 98). Unless women get awareness rising, they will continue to suffer under these gendered factors. Without awareness of these structures, women cannot act; therefore there will be no change. Because of the power structures that are oppressive, women have suffered domestic violence as victims of sexual, physical and psychological abuse. These harmful practices are mostly gender biased since Asian culture has rated men as superior gender (Naples 98). Human rights in the past have not been discussed openly and strongly (Letherby 123). As much as gender awareness is an individual thing, empowerment comes to a group and societal level. Women can come together and motivate each other for action (Letherby 123), For instance, the fight against violence campa igns done by women groups. Rising above the gendered power structures is what give the women power to stand up for their rights and human begins since basic rights like right to respect and dignity are inalienable (Naples 98). Empowering efforts would entail provision of medical care for victims of gender or sexual violence, psychological (counselling) services and legal action for the perpetrators. Self Esteem and Economic Development Living in a community where women are subordinates and subject to different types of oppression habitually causes naturalization of the predominant power relations. These often happen to a greater level that those oppressed begin to consider their powerlessness as natural cause or a justified phenomenon (Naples 99). It may lead to self oppression in which feminist theorists refer to the phenomenon as internalized oppression. The concept of building women self-esteem is that they must not feel that they are destined to be under men as a matter of fate rather to make them feel worthy, valuable and deserving of better regard in the society. This way, they can stand up for themselves and build better future based on their ambitious goals that come with high self esteem (Letherby 123). At a communal level, self-esteem develops into the feeling of the ‘right to exist’ and be successful in life competing equally against men. With shared goals and options, women can have a sense of belonging and therefore rise above the gendered power structure. Education is one way of attaining the self-esteem but in this case, setting up income generating activities for women would give them power and confidence faster (Ramazanoğlu 137). Women will be more confident and will have resources to help them fight oppression and take charge of their lives. Conclusion There are several ways that the issues of feminist research methods and empowerment of women can be addressed to attain better understanding of these issues. Feminist see it as a problem when women are ‘left out’ out of positions of power, history and even the daily events and communications. They tend to ask questions regarding circumstances that lead to women being ‘left out’. The problem comes when there is general assumption that it was deliberate and the root cause was men’s fear and contempt of women. To have a solution to such concerns, feminist research methods were devised to make demands against the inevitable resistance from men. These researches are perceived to be targeting to change social institutions and scientific knowledge. To get to the power needed to stand up against men, women have been striving to get permanent solutions like getting their own homes, increasing education and income, seeking for equal pay and insisting on equality in all aspects of life. Bryson, Valerie. Feminist Political Theory: An Introduction. Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan. 2003 Kumar, Ranjit. Research Methodology: A Step-By-Ste p Guide for Beginners, Sage, p. 110 Lather, Patti. ‘Feminist Perspectives on Empowering Research Methodologies,’ Women’s Studies International Forum, 2002, Vol. 11, Issue 6, pp. 569-82 Letherby, Gayle. Feminist Research in Theory and Practice, Buckingham: UK, Open University Press. 2003. Monkman, Karen and Stacki, Sandra. ‘Change Through Empowerment Processes: Womens stories from South Asia and Latin America,’ Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 2003, Vol. 33, Issue 2, pp. 173-189 Naples, Nancy. Feminism and Method: Ethnography, Discourse Analysis, and Activist Research, New York: Routledge. 2003 Oakley, Ann., Experiments in Knowing: Gender and Method in the Social Sciences. Cambridge: Polity, 2000 Parvin, Gulsan., Ahsan, Reazaul., and Chowdhury, Mahmudur., ‘Women Empowerment Performance Of Income Generating Activities Supported By Rural Women Empowerment Creation Project (RWECP): A Case Study In Dumuria Thana, Bangla desh,’ The journal of Geo-Environment, 2004, Vol. 4, issue 3, pp. 47-61 Ramazanoğlu, Caroline. Feminist Methodology: Challenges And Choices, Thousand Oaks: CA, Sage Publications. 2002. The Arab Human Development report, Challenges to human security in the Arab Countries. Report. UN Development Programme, 2002. Retrieved from www.arab-hdr.org/publications/other/ahdr/ahdr2002e.pdf UNESCO Regional Office for Science and Technology. Annual Report 2000: UNESCO Annual Report. Cairo, UNESCO Regional Office for Science and Technology, 2000